Fatty acid profile variations after exposure to textile industry effluents in Indian Major Carps / Variações do perfil de ácidos graxos após exposição a efluentes da indústria têxtil nas principais carpas indianas

Abstract Indian major carps are the widely consumed fish species of Pakistan, being a cheap source of proteins and unsaturated fatty acids, they are good for cardiovascular health. Water pollution due to discharge of untreated industrial waste water into water bodies contaminates this precious source of nutrients. The present study therefore, was aimed to assess deterioration of fatty acid profile of three Indian major carp species due to different concentrations of industrial wastes. The water samples were collected from the river Chenab at the site where it receives industrial wastewater via Chakbandi drain. After exposure to 1.5%, 3.0%, and 4.5% dilutions of collected water in different aquaria it was observed that proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in selected fish species were decreased significantly as the intensity of the dose increased (P < 0.05). Conversely the level of saturated fatty acids increased with the increasing dose of treatment (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that untreated wastewater not only deteriorate the fatty acid profile of aquatic animals but also these toxic substances can reach human body through fish meat and pose further health hazards. Therefore, it is highly recommended that industrial effluents should be treated before they are dumped into water bodies.

Resumo As carpas indianas são as espécies de peixes mais consumidas no Paquistão, sendo uma fonte barata de proteínas e de ácidos graxos insaturados e boa para a saúde cardiovascular. A poluição da água por causa do descarte de resíduos industriais não tratados em corpos d'água contamina essa preciosa fonte de nutrientes. Portanto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a deterioração do perfil de ácidos graxos de três principais espécies de carpas indianas em diferentes concentrações de resíduos industriais. As amostras de água foram coletadas do rio Chenab no local onde recebe esgoto industrial via dreno de Chakbandi. Após a exposição a diluições de 1,5%, 3% e 4,5% da água coletada em diferentes aquários, foi observado que a proporção de ácidos graxos insaturados em espécies de peixes selecionadas diminuiu significativamente com o aumento da intensidade da dose (P < 0,05). Por outro lado, o nível de ácidos graxos saturados aumentou com a elevação da dose de tratamento (P < 0,05). Essas descobertas sugerem que águas residuais não tratadas não apenas deterioram o perfil de ácidos graxos dos animais aquáticos, mas também essas substâncias tóxicas podem atingir o corpo humano por meio da carne de peixe e representar mais riscos à saúde. Portanto, é recomendável que os efluentes industriais sejam tratados antes de serem despejados em corpos d'água.

Auditoria de higiene en instalaciones de la industria textil frente al Covid-19 / Hygiene audit in textile industry facilities against Covid-19

Los trabajadores de la industria están expuestos a distintos tipos de riesgos, incluyendo la exposición laboral a agentes biológicos como virus, bacterias, hongos, parásitos, esporas o toxinas capaces de originar algún tipo de infección, enfermedad o toxicidad. Gran variedad de estos patógenos ha sido identificada sobre distintas superficies dentro de instalaciones de trabajo, persistiendo en algunos casos luego de las jornadas de limpieza habituales, e incluso sobreviviendo por largos períodos de tiempo. Los hallazgos preliminares indican que los procesos de higiene en dos industrias permitieron disminuir de manera estadísticamente significativa la presencia de E. Coli y Sars-Cov-2, en las superficies dentro de las instalaciones. Por el contrario, en una tercera industria se observó que los procesos de higiene y limpieza no lograron reducir eficazmente la presencia de los patógenos La auditoría de higiene en instalaciones de industrias textiles debe incluir la capacidad de hallar e identificar los peligros biológicos que aún estén presentes en superficies, una vez ejecutados los protocolos rutinarios de limpieza y desinfección establecidos por la organización. Para esta labor proponemos la práctica complementaria de tres procedimientos: la determinación microbiológica, mediante torundas o placas de contacto, la determinación visual con luz ultravioleta, para comprobar el grado de eficacia de la limpieza, y la determinación específica, consistente en la detección de ARN de virus SARS-CoV-2 (causante del COVID-19) en muestras ambientales de superficies por el método de PCR en tiempo real(AU)

Industrial workers are exposed to different types of risks, including occupational exposure to biological agents such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, spores or toxins capable of causing some type of infection, disease or toxicity. A great variety of these pathogens have been identified on different surfaces within work facilities, persisting in some cases after the usual cleaning days, and even surviving for long periods of time. Preliminary findings indicate that hygiene processes in two industries allowed a statistically significant decrease in the presence of E. Coli and Sars-Cov-2, on surfaces within the facilities. On the contrary, in a third industry it was observed that hygiene and cleaning processes failed to effectively reduce the presence of pathogens Hygiene audit in textile industry facilities should include the ability to find and identify biological hazards that are still present on surfaces, once the routine cleaning and disinfection protocols established by the organization have been executed. For this work, we propose the complementary practice of three procedures: microbiological determination, using swabs or contact plates, visual determination with ultraviolet light, to verify the degree of cleaning efficiency, and specific determination, consisting of RNA detection. of SARS-CoV-2 virus (causing COVID-19) in environmental samples of surfaces by the real-time PCR method(AU)

Economia circular e economia criativa na gestão de resíduos sólidos: interfaces e contribuições na cadeia têxtil / Circular economy and creative economy in solid waste management: interfaces and contributions in the textile chain

As roupas constituem, em parte, a maneira como as pessoas vivem e expressam as necessidades humanas que avançam vorazmente sobre o sistema natural. Sob forma de vestuário, é possível visualizar a representatividade da cadeia têxtil no cotidiano das pessoas, os efeitos e influência da produção, consumo e descarte na sociedade. Do montante produzido anualmente, menos de 1% desses materiais são reciclados em novas roupas ou outros produtos. O setor têxtil é intensivo na extração de recursos e geração de resíduos, possui altos índices de desperdício e é extremamente poluidor. O Brasil possui a quinta maior cadeia têxtil do mundo. A economia circular e a economia criativa podem contribuir neste enfrentamento pelo seu potencial de promover a reutilização de recursos existentes e a redução de impactos sociais, ambientais e à saúde. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste estudo é analisar empresas da cadeia têxtil que adotam princípios da economia criativa e da economia circular com o intuito de identificar práticas que minimizam os impactos ambientais de resíduos têxteis e expandem a consciência ambiental de consumidores e empresas. A partir da revisão bibliográfica sistemática e das informações obtidas em visitas técnicas, com observação de campo e registro fotográfico, assim como de entrevistas com base em roteiro pré-elaborado com os empreendedores, foi possível observar os princípios da economia circular e da economia criativa como diferencial estratégico do negócio. Foram identificados alguns marcadores que alicerçam as práticas sustentáveis desenvolvidas nos negócios analisados como: i) gestão da parceria e alinhamento de propósito; ii) Gestão do ciclo de vida ou associação aos fluxos de resíduos dos grandes geradores; iii) Logística reversa e a estruturação de custos para sua viabilidade. O estudo de caso evidenciou como diferentes domínios de conhecimento inter-relacionam os temas de economia criativa e economia circular de forma hierárquica. Assim, foi elaborado framework de planejamento estratégico e os dados levantados durante a pesquisa foram organizados em website, consolidando imagens e conceitos para divulgação da pesquisa, e apoiar empreendedores na concepção de novos negócios cujo propósito é a sustentabilidade.

Clothes constitute, in part, the way in which people live and express human needs that voraciously advance over the natural system. In the form of clothing, it is possible to visualize the representativeness of the textile chain in peoples daily lives, the effects and influence of production, consumption and disposal in society. Of the amount produced annually, less than 1% of these materials are recycled into new clothes or other products. The textile sector is intensive in resource extraction and waste production, has high levels of waste and is extremely polluting. Brazil has the fifth largest textile chain in the world. The circular economy and the creative economy can contribute to this confrontation by their potential to promote the reuse of existing resources and the reduction of social, environmental and health impacts. In this context, the objective of this study is to analyze companies in the textile chain that adopt principles of the creative economy and the circular economy in order to identify practices that minimize the environmental impacts of textile waste and expand the environmental awareness of consumers and companies. From the systematic bibliographic review and the information obtained in technical visits, with field observation and photographic record, as well as interviews based on a pre-prepared script with the entrepreneurs, it was possible to observe the principles of circular economy and creative economy as strategic differential of the business. Some markers were identified that underpin the sustainable practices developed in the analyzed businesses, such as: i) management of the partnership and alignment of purpose; ii) Life cycle management or association with waste streams from large generators; iii) Reverse logistics and cost structuring for its viability. The case study showed how different domains of knowledge interrelate the themes of creative economy and circular economy in a hierarchical way. Thus, a strategic planning framework was developed and the data collected during the research were organized on a website, consolidating images and concepts for disseminating the research, and supporting entrepreneurs in the conception of new businesses whose purpose is sustainability.

A green approach for the treatment of dye and surfactant contaminated industrial wastewater / Uma abordagem verde para o tratamento de águas residuais industriais contaminadas por tintas e surfactantes

Abstract Synthetic dyes, particularly reactive and acid dyes, are commonly used in the textile industry because of their advantages as excellent color fastness and brightness. Also, surfactants are used for an increment of coloring success in the textile industry. One of the major problems concerning textile wastewater is the treatment of the effluents containing both dyes and surfactants. Biological treatment systems are recommended as useful, economic and eco-friendly methods for treatment of industrial wastewater. The purpose of this study was to investigate the binary removal of a textile dye and a surfactant by growing Aspergillus versicolor culture in molasses medium. The effect of dye and surfactant concentration on the removal of dye and surfactant was determined. This study resulted that 100% of the surfactant and dye molecules removed together with the formation of a dye-surfactant complex by fungus. It is concluded that binary removal systems are very efficient for industrial wastewater treatment.

Resumo Os corantes sintéticos, particularmente corantes reativos e ácidos, são comumente usados ​​na indústria têxtil devido às suas vantagens como excelente solidez da cor e brilho. Além disso, os surfactantes são usados ​​para incrementar o sucesso da coloração na indústria têxtil. Um dos principais problemas relativos às águas residuais têxteis são o tratamento dos efluentes contendo corantes e surfactantes. Os sistemas de tratamento biológico são recomendados como métodos úteis, econômicos e ecológicos para o tratamento de efluentes industriais. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a remoção binária de um corante têxtil e um surfactante, cultivando a cultura Aspergillus versicolor em meio de melaço. O efeito das concentrações de corante e surfactante nas remoções de corante e surfactante foi determinado. Este estudo resultou na remoção de 100% das moléculas de surfactante e corante juntamente com a formação de um complexo corante-surfactante por fungos. Conclui-se que os sistemas de remoção binária são muito eficientes no tratamento de efluentes industriais.

Structural-functional analyses of textile dye degrading azoreductase, laccase and peroxidase: a comparative in silico study

Background: Textile industry not only plays a vital role in our daily life but also a prominent factor in improving global economy. One of the environmental concern is it releases huge quantities of toxic dyes in the water leading to severe environmental pollution. Bacterial laccase and azoreductase successfully oxidize complex chemical structure of nitrogen group-containing azo dyes. Additionally, the presence of textile dye infuriates bacterial peroxidase to act as a dye degrading enzyme. Our present study deals with three textile dye degrading enzymes laccase, azoreductase, and peroxidase through analyzing their structural and functional properties using standard computational tools. Result: According to the comparative analysis of physicochemical characteristics, it was clear that laccase was mostly made up of basic amino acids whereas azoreductase and peroxidase both comprised of acidic amino acids. Higher aliphatic index ascertained the thermostability of all these three enzymes. Negative GRAVY value of the enzymes confirmed better water interaction of the enzymes. Instability index depicted that compared to laccase and preoxidase, azoreductase was more stable in nature. It was also observed that the three model proteins had more than 90% of total amino acids in the favored region of Ramachandran plot. Functional analysis revealed laccase as multicopper oxidase type enzyme and azoreductase as FMN dependent enzyme, while peroxidase consisted of α-ß barrel with additional haem group. Conclusion: Present study aims to provide knowledge on industrial dye degrading enzymes, choosing the suitable enzyme for industrial set up and to help in understanding the experimental laboratory requirements as well.

Decolorization of textile industry wastewater in solid state fermentation with Peach-Palm (Bactris gasipaes) residue / Decoloração de águas residuais da indústria têxtil em fermentação de estado sólido com resíduo de Pupunha (Bactris gasipaes)

Abstract In this work we have assessed the decolorization of textile effluents throughout their treatment in a solid-state fermentation (SSF) system. SSF assays were conducted with peach-palm (Bactris gasipaes) residue using the white rot fungus Ganoderma lucidum EF 31. The influence of the dye concentration and of the amounts of peach-palm residue and liquid phase on both the discoloration efficiency and enzyme production was studied. According to our results, independently of experimental conditions employed, laccase was the main ligninolytic enzyme produced by G. lucidum. The highest laccase activity was obtained at very low effluent concentrations, suggesting the existence of an inhibitory effect of higher concentrations on fungal metabolism. The highest percentage of color removal was reached when 10 grams of peach palm residue was moistened with 60 mL of the final effluent. In control tests carried out with the synthetic dye Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) decolorization efficiencies about 20% higher than that achieved with the industrial effluent were achieved. The adsorption of RBBR on peach-palm residue was also investigated. Equilibrium tests showed that the adsorption of this dye followed both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Hence, our experimental results indicate that peach-palm residue is suitable substrate for both laccase production and color removal in industrial effluents.

Resumo Neste trabalho, avaliamos a descoloração de efluentes têxteis durante seu tratamento em um sistema de fermentação em estado sólido (SSF). Os ensaios foram conduzidos com resíduo de pupunha (Bactris gasipaes) utilizando o fungo de podridão branca Ganoderma lucidum EF 31. A influência da concentração de corante, as quantidades de resíduo e da fase líquida foram estudadas tanto na eficiência de descoloração como na produção de enzima. De acordo com os resultados, independentemente das condições experimentais utilizadas, a lacase foi a principal enzima ligninolítica produzida por G. lucidum. A atividade de lacase mais elevada foi obtida em baixas concentrações de efluentes, sugerindo um efeito inibitório no metabolismo fúngico. A maior remoção de cor foi obtida com 10 gramas de resíduo da pupunha e 60 mL do efluente final. Nos ensaios de controle realizados com o corante sintético RBBR, foram atingidos cerca de 20% mais descoloração do que os obtidos com o efluente industrial. A adsorção de RBBR no resíduo de pupunha também foi investigada. Os testes de equilíbrio mostraram que a adsorção deste corante seguiu as isotermas de Langmuir e Freundlich. Assim, os resultados experimentais indicam que o resíduo de pupunha é um substrato adequado tanto para a produção de lacase quanto para a remoção de cor em efluentes industriais.

Ovarian cancer in a former asbestos textile factory worker: a case report

BACKGROUND: The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) defined that asbestos is a group 1 substance that causes lung cancer, mesothelioma (pleura and peritoneum), laryngeal cancer, and ovarian cancer in humans. Many studies on lung cancer, and mesothelioma caused by asbestos exposure have been conducted, but there was no case report of ovarian cancer due to asbestos exposure in Korea. We describe a case of ovarian cancer caused by asbestos exposure in a worker who worked at an asbestos textile factory for 3 years and 7 months in the late 1970s. CASE PRESENTATION: A 57-year-old woman visited the hospital because she had difficulty urinating. Ovarian cancer was suspected in radiologic examination, and exploratory laparotomy was performed. She was diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer. The patient did not undergo postoperative chemotherapy and recovered. She joined the asbestos factory in March 1976 and engaged in asbestos textile twisting and spinning for 1 year, 2 years and 7 months respectively. In addition, she lived near the asbestos factory for more than 20 years. There was no other specificity or family history. CONCLUSION: Considering the patient’s occupational and environmental history, it is estimated that she had been exposed to asbestos significantly, so we determined that ovarian cancer in the patient is highly correlated with the occupational exposure of asbestos and environmental exposure is a possible cause as well. Social devices are needed to prevent further exposure to asbestos. It is also necessary to recognize that ovarian cancer can occur in workers who have previously been exposed to asbestos, and the education and social compensation for those workers are needed.

Panus tigrinus as a potential biomass source for Reactive Blue decolorization: isotherm and kinetic study

Background: Textile and dye industries pose a serious threat to the environment. Conventional methods used for dye treatment are generally not always effective and environmentally friendly. This drove attention of scores of researchers to investigate alternative methods for the biodegradation of dyes using fungal strains. In this work, white-rot fungus (Panus tigrinus) was used as a biosorbent for the decolorization of Reactive Blue 19. The process parameters that were varied were initial concentration (50­150 mg/L), contact time (30­90 min), and pH (2­6). In addition, to gain important data for the evaluation of a sorption process, the equilibrium and kinetics of the process were determined. Results: White-rot fungus showed great potential in decolorizing Azo dyes. The strain showed the maximum decolorization of 83.18% at pH 2, a contact time of 90 min, and an initial concentration of 50 mg/L. The Langmuir isotherm described the uptake of the Reactive Blue 19 dye better than the Freundlich isotherm. Analysis of the kinetic data showed that the dye uptake process followed the pseudo second-order rate expression. Conclusion: The biosorption process provided vital information on the process parameters required to obtain the optimum level of dye removal. The isotherm study indicated the homogeneous distribution of active sites on the biomass surface, and the kinetic study suggested that chemisorption is the rate-limiting step that controlled the biosorption process. According to the obtained results, P. tigrinus biomass can be used effectively to decolorize textile dyes and tackle the pollution problems in the environment.

Oral Health Status of Brazilian Workers of a Textile Industry

Objective: To evaluate the oral health status of Brazilian workers of a textile industry. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study including 489 individuals of both sexes was performed. Data on gender, age, schooling, frequency of dentist visits and caries experience (DMFT) were collected by a single trained and calibrated examiner. Data were organized using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software and presented through descriptive and inferential statistics (Poisson Regression Analysis). The significance level was 5%. Results: There was predominance of female workers (57.7%) aged 30-39 years (44.6%) and with 9-11 years of schooling (79.7%). Almost all of them had visited the dentist at least once in their lifetime (99.6%), and 66.8% had done so in the last 12 months. The mean DMFT value was 11.14 (± 5.64), with higher participation of filled (6.21) and missing components (4.03). There was a statistically significant association between DMFT values (≤ 11 and ≥ 12) and age group (p <0.001), as well as between schooling and number of missing (p <0.001) and decayed teeth (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The mean DMFT of Brazilian workers is high, with a tendency to increase the number of missing teeth as age increases. Schooling was associated with the number of missing and filled teeth.

Qualificação da dor em trabalhadoras de uma malharia no sul do Brasil / Qualification of pain in women workers of a textile factory in the south of Brazil / Cualificación del dolor de trabajadoras de una tienda de mallas del sur de Brasil

OBJETIVO: Analisar e qualificar a dor em mulheres de uma malharia do sul do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, em que foram entrevistadas 15 trabalhadoras em um único dia de maio de 2012. As avaliações para qualificação e análise da dor aconteceram por meio de três questionários: multidimensional adaptado, inventário para dor de Wisconsin (análise da dor) e o questionário de McGill (qualificação). Para análise dos dados, foi realizada a estatística descritiva, com o calculo da média, desvio padrão, percentual e números absolutos. RESULTADOS: As participantes apresentavam média de idade de 33,4 (±14,9) anos e trabalhavam 9 horas diárias. Referente à postura dolorosa no posto de trabalho, observou-se maior queixa em ombros abduzidos e cotovelos flexionados (n=7, 46,6%). Os locais anatômicos dolorosos mais frequentes foram ombros (n=8, 22,2%), coluna cervical (n=7, 19,4%) e cotovelos (n=7, 19,4%). A análise da dor pelo inventário de Wisconsin, classificada por meio da Escala Visual Analógica de Dor (EVA), demonstrou interferência moderada no trabalho, sono, humor, apreciação da vida e na atividade geral. De acordo com o questionário de McGill, houve destaque para o nível sensorial, com maior frequência para dor latejante (n=10, 50%), agulhada (n=4, 20%) e formigamento (n=4, 20%). CONCLUSÃO: A amostra apresentou alta frequência de dor nos ombros, cotovelos, coluna cervical e sintomatologia dolorosa considerada moderada na maioria dos itens avaliados, o que pode levar a uma interferência importante nas atividades laborais e do cotidiano

OBJECTIVE: To analyze and qualify pain in women workers of a textile factory in the south of Brazil. METHODS: Cross-sectional descriptive study, with quantitative approach, in which 15 women workers were interviewed on a single day in May 2012. The assessments for pain qualification and analysis were performed by means of three instruments: multidimensional adapted questionnaire, Wisconsin Pain inventory (pain analysis) and McGill Pain questionnaire (qualification). For data analysis, descriptive statistics was employed, by calculating the average, standard deviation, percentage and absolute numbers. RESULTS: The participants' mean age was 33.4 (± 14.9) and they worked 9 hours a day. As for the painful posture in the workplace, the major complaint regarded abducted shoulders and flexed elbows (n=7, 46.6%). The most commonly painful anatomic sites were shoulders (n=8, 22.2%), cervical spine (n=7, 19.4%) and elbows (n=7, 19.4%). Pain analysis through the Wisconsin inventory, classified by the Visual Analogue Pain Scale (VAS), demonstrated moderate interference with work, sleep, mood, enjoyment of life and general activity. According to McGill questionnaire, the sensory level stood out, with highest frequencies to throbbing pain (n=10, 50%), needled (n=4, 20%) and tingling pain (n=4, 20%). CONCLUSION: The sample showed high frequency of pain in shoulders, elbows and cervical spine, in addition to painful symptomatology regarded moderate in most of the evaluated items, which might lead to significant interference with the labor activities and daily life

OBJETIVO: Analizar y cualificar el dolor de mujeres de una tienda de mallas del sur de Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal y descriptivo de abordaje cuantitativo en el cual se entrevistaron 15 trabajadoras en un único día del mes de mayo de 2012. Las evaluaciones para la cualificación y el análisis del dolor se dieron a través de tres cuestionarios: el multidimensional adaptado, el inventario para el dolor de Wisconsin (análisis del dolor) y el cuestionario de McGill (cualificación). Para el análisis de los datos se realizó la estadística descriptiva con el cálculo de la media, la desviación típica, el porcentual y los valores absolutos. RESULTADOS: Las participantes presentaron la media de edad de 33,4 (±14,9) años y 9 horas al día de trabajo. Respecto la postura de dolor en el sector de trabajo, se observó más quejas en los hombros en abducción y los codos en flexión (n=7, 46,6%). Los puntos anatómicos de dolor más frecuentes fueron los hombros (n=8, 22,2%), la columna cervical (n=7, 19,4%) y los codos (n=7, 19,4%). El análisis del dolor a través del inventario de Wisconsin clasificado por la Escala Visual Analógica de Dolor (EVA) ha demostrado interferencia moderada con el trabajo, el sueño, el humor, la apreciación de la vida y la actividad general. Según el cuestionario de McGill hubo importancia para el nível sensorial con más frecuencia para el dolor latigante (n=10, 50%), en agujada (n=4, 20%) y hormigueo (n=4, 20%). CONCLUSIÓN: La muestra presentó elevada frecuencia para el dolor en los hombros, los codos, la columna cervical y sintomatología de dolor moderada para la mayoría de ítems evaluados lo que puede llevar a una interferencia importante en las actividades laborales y del cotidiano

Sinos River Hydrographic Basin: urban occupation, industrialization and environmental memory / Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio dos Sinos: ocupação urbana, industrialização e memória ambiental.

This article presents an analysis of the process of industrialization and urbanization of the Sinos Valley in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, starting from the establishment of leather goods and footwear manufacturing in the region during the 19th century when tanneries and factories producing footwear and/or components for footwear began to appear, and with special attention to aspects related to the environmental impact on the Sinos river hydrographic basin. The article is based on both bibliographic and documentary research and also draws on biographical narratives of workers with links to the leather goods and footwear industry obtained using ethnographic method. It was found that contemporary environmental conflicts emerge from within a memory of work and an environmental memory in which the factories, the unplanned urbanization, and the utilization of water and other natural resources form a chain of significance. Significance that precludes any form of fragmented analysis that isolates any of these aspects from the others: the economic, socio-historic, cultural, political, or the environmental.

Resumo O artigo aborda o processo de industrialização e urbanização do Vale do Rio dos Sinos/Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil, desde a implantação da indústria coureiro-calçadista na região, no século XIX, com o surgimento dos curtumes e das fábricas de calçados e/ou componentes para calçados, destacando, em especial, os aspectos ligados ao impacto ambiental na Bacia Hidrográfica dos Sinos. Faz-se uso de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, além da exposição de narrativas biográficas de trabalhadores ligados à indústria coureiro-calçadista, obtidas por meio do método etnográfico. Verifica-se que os conflitos ambientais contemporâneos emergem do interior de uma memória do trabalho e de uma memória ambiental, nas quais a fábrica, a ocupação urbana desordenada, o uso da água e dos demais recursos naturais formam um encadeamento de sentido que impede qualquer análise fragmentada que isole um destes aspectos: o econômico, o socio-histórico, o cultural, o político, o ambiental.

Política Industrial para os setores farmacêutico, automotivo e têxtil na China, Índia e Brasil / [Industrial Policy for the pharmaceutical, automotive and textile sectors in China, India and Brazil]

Este trabalho analisa os principais tipos de políticas industriais contemporâneas, a saber: busca do futuro, reposicionamento e proteção. Aborda as políticas desenvolvidas para os setores farmacêutico, automotivo e têxtil, tomadas, respectivamente, como expressões de tais tipos de políticas. Focaliza a trajetória, especialmente no século em curso, das políticas apontadas na China, na Índia e no Brasil, em um esforço de análise histórica comparativa

Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding respiratory symptoms among textile workers of Karachi, Pakistan: a cross-sectional survey

To determine the prevalence and predictors of good knowledge, appropriate attitude and appropriate protective practices regarding respiratory symptoms among textile workers, and to determine the association of knowledge, attitude and practices with respiratory symptoms. The cross-sectional study was conducted in 2009 and comprised male workers from 15 textile mills in and around Karachi. A structured and pre-tested questionnaire was used which included questions to explore the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding respiratory symptoms. SPSS 19 was used for statistical analysis. The study had a sample size of 372 and found prevalence of good knowledge to be in 182 [48.9%] workers and appropriate attitude in 302 [81%], while only 80 [21%] were practising these measures appropriately. Being educated and older than 38 years of age, belonging to Sindhi ethnicity, and working in the weaving section were significant [p<0.05] predictors of knowledge, attitude and practices. Generally, there was no significant association of knowledge, attitude and practices with respiratory symptoms [p>0.05]. There was low prevalence of appropriate practices, high prevalence of good knowledge and attitude, indicating an interplay of several other social and environmental factors which need to be explored

Dietary Pattern and Anaemia Among Female Adolescent Garment Workers in Bangladesh.

Introduction: In Bangladesh, many adolescents work in garment sector which is an important contributor to the country’s economy. This study aimed to investigate the dietary pattern and haemoglobin level of the adolescent female garment workers in Bangladesh. Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted in a peri-urban area in Bangladesh in 2008. The food intake pattern was assessed by food frequency questionnaire and level of haemoglobin was estimated by haemoglobin colour scale (HbCS). Anaemia was defined as the haemoglobin level of <12 g/dl.1 Results: Among 108 participants, 104 (96%) were muslim, 83 (77%) were unmarried and 54 (50%) had a primary level of education. Most of their parents were illiterate. Sixty six (61%) respondents had a large family (>5 family members, mean 5.2, SD±2.1). The mean age at menarche was 12.91±1.37 years. Majority of them worked for >12 hours (55, 51%), did not watch television (77, 71%) and had just three meals with no snacks in between the meals (97, 90%) in last seven days. Fish, pulse and fruits/vegetables were consumed for >6 times in a week by 59 (55%), 56 (52%) and 68 (63%) respondents, respectively. Majority of the participants did not consume milk (65, 60%) and meat (62, 57%) in last seven days. Prevalence of anaemia was 92% (99); 54% (58) were moderately anaemic and 38% (41) were mildly anaemic. Discussion: Prevalence of anaemia among adolescent female garment workers is extremely high. They also consume inadequate food. Immediate steps should be taken to improve nutritional status of these girls.

Ventilatory Function of Jute Mill Workers in Border Areas of Bihar.

Aim: To study the effect of jute-dust and further impact of smoking on pulmonary function test parameters in jute mill-workers. Method and Result: With the help of computerized multifunctional spirometer 91 male workers were compared with 90 controls for their PFT-parameters. The study indicated an overall reduction in FVC, FEV1, PEFR, FEF (25-75) % and MVV. FEV1/FVC was within normal range. Further division of workers into smoker and nonsmokers there was a more decline in FEV1 along with FEV1/ FVC in smokers. Conclusion: Exposure of jute-dust lead to combined type of restrictive/obstructive lung diseases.

[Efficiency of Pistaciaatlantica seed extract as natural coagulant in the removal of Reactive Red 198 dye from aqueous solution]

Textile dyes and other dyes used in various industries are among the largest organic compounds which can be a major hazard to the health and environment. Therefore treatment of wastewater before discharging it into the environment is necessary. In the present study we investigated the efficiency of Pistacia atlantica seed extract in a batch system for removal of Reactive Red-198 dye from aqueous solutions. This is a basic- applications study conducted in laboratory. The effects of independent variables such as coagulant dose [0.1-1 ml L-1], initial dye concentration [50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/l] and pH [2-12] were investigated. To measure the residual concentration of dye we used a spectrophotometer at the wavelength of 520 nm. Excel software was used for data analysis. The optimum pH for Reactive Red-198 removal by coagulation using Pistacia atlantica seed extract was 12, with a coagulant dose of 0.5 ml/L. The highest removal rates were 83.12, 84.20, 87.36 and 88.49% at initial dye concentrations of 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/L respectively, which could be result of precipitation, co-precipitation and adsorption mechanisms. According to the results of this study, Pistacia atlantica seed extract was an inexpensive coagulant, and also quite effective in the removal of Reactive Red-198 dye from aqueous environments

Efeito do dióxido de titânio na decomposição fotocatalítica de substâncias persistentes no ambiente: corantes têxteis e interferentes endócrinos / Effect of titanium dioxide in the photocatalytic decomposition of persistent chemicals in the environment: textiles and dyes endocrine interfering

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a degradação fotocatalítica de três corantes e um interferente endócrino mediado pelo dióxido de titânio (TiO2). Foi estudada a degradação fotocatalítica de dois azo corantes comerciais, respectivamente o C.I Reactive Black 5 e o C.I Reactive Red 239. Para esse estudo foi utilizado o TiO2 P25 Evonik como catalisador e os experimentos foram realizados em solução aquosa com reator artificial equipado com lâmpada de vapor de mercúrio 125W. Nesse estudo,foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: concentração de TiO2, tempo de irradiação, pH, concentração inicial de corante, presença de diferentes concentrações de peróxido de hidrogênio e degradação em sistema bi-compartimental para os dois azo corantes. O outro corante estudado foi o Índigo Carmine (IC). Primeiramente foi investigada a descoloração do corante em efluente modelo usando processo físico e químico para sua remoção. Os experimentos de descoloração do efluente contendo o corante IC foram realizados usando carvão ativado no escuro e com irradiação. Além disso, o efeito do carvão ativado / TiO2 / UV foi avaliado pelo mesmo sistema. Os parâmetros da degradação do IC foram realizados, seguindo: concentração de TiO2, pH, concentração inicial de corante, presença de ânions inorgânicos, temperatura, concentração de peróxido de hidrogênio. A eficiência de três diferentes reatores (Reator 1 – reator do tipo batch com lâmpada vapor de mercúrio 125W; Reator 2 – reator do tipo batch equipado com 4 lâmpadas daylight 20W; Reator 3 – reator tubular de fluxo contínuo equipado com uma lâmpada daylight 20W) e reator batch com luz solar foram avaliados para degradação do IC.Além disso, otimizados experimentos foram realizados em planta piloto com compound parabolic collector reatores (CPC) na Plataforma Solar de Almería, Espanha, com TiO2 em suspensão e suportado. O IC foi estudado em diferentes tipos de águas, sendo elas: água destilada, água sintética moderadamente dura, água sintética e real de estação de tratamento de água residuária (ETAR). Testes ecotoxicológicos para o IC foram realizados em dois diferentes níveis tróficos de cadeia alimentar (Daphnia similis e Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) e testes com minhocas Eisenia andrei. A degradação fotocatalítica do Bisfenol A (BPA) em diferentes tipos de águas na presença de TiO2 foi feita sob diferentes condições. O TiO2 em suspensão foi utilizado para comparar a eficiência da degradação do BPA (...) em batch e CPC reatores. O TiO2 foi suportado em esferas de vidro pelo método sol-gel e usado em reatores solares CPC em escala piloto para degradação do BPA (...) A influência das espécies reativas (...) foi avaliada. Testes ecotoxicológicos com minhocas Eisenia andrei também foram realizados para o BPA e seus produtos de degradação.

Avaliação do risco ergonômico em trabalhadores da indústria têxtil por dois instrumentos: quick exposure check e job factors questionnaire / Ergonomic risk assessment in textile industry workers by two instruments: quick exposure check and job factors questionnaire / Evaluación del riesgo ergonómico en trabajadores de la industria textil con dos instrumentos: quick exposure check y job factors questionnaire

A análise dos fatores de risco ergonômicos presentes em indústrias têxteis auxilia no planejamento de estratégias que contribuem para a melhora das condições de trabalho e redução dos distúrbios osteomusculares. Este estudo se propôs a mensurar os níveis de exposição aos fatores de risco ergonômicos em trabalhadores de dois setores de produção de uma indústria têxtil. Para tanto, os instrumentos Job Factors Questionnaire (JFQ) e o Quick Exposure Check (QEC) foram aplicados em 107 trabalhadores. Os resultados foram analisados por estatística descritiva. O teste de Mann-Whitney foi utilizado para comparação dos resultados obtidos entre os setores de produção. O diagnóstico do nível de exposição ao risco ergonômico, obtido por ambos os instrumentos, foi moderado. Os fatores de risco considerados pelo JFQ como mais criticos estão relacionados à temperatura ambiental; postura mantida em longos períodos de tempo; posturas inadequadas para coluna e continuar trabalhando quando está com alguma dor ou com alguma lesão. O QEC identificou as regiões de coluna lombar e punhos/mãos como expostas ao alto risco. Não houveram diferenças estatisticamente significante entre os setores...

The analysis of ergonomic risk factors that are present in the textile industry helps to plan strategies that can contribute to the improvement of work conditions and the consequent reduction of musculoskeletal disorders. This study aimed at measuring levels of exposure to ergonomic risk factors among workers of two production sections in a textile factory. For this purpose, the instruments Job Factors Questionnaire (JFQ) and Quick Exposure Check (QEC) were applied in 107 workers. The results were analyzed through descriptive statistics. We used Mann-Whitney's test to compare the results between the production sections. The level of exposure to ergonomic risks, obtained through both instruments, was moderate. The risk factors considered as being critical by the JFQ are related to environmental temperature, posture maintained over long periods of time, inadequate spinal posture, and to working even when the worker feels pain or sustains injuries. The QEC identified regions of the lumbar spine and wrists/hands as being exposed to high risk. There were no statistically significant differences between the sections...

El análisis de los factores de riesgo ergonómicos presentes en industrias textiles ayuda al planeamiento de estrategias que contribuyen a la mejora de las condiciones de trabajo y reducción de los trastornos osteomusculares. Este estudio se propuso medir los niveles de exposición a los factores de riesgo ergonómicos en trabajadores de dos sectores de producción de una industria textil. Para ello, los instrumentos Job Factors Questionnaire (JFQ) y el Quick Exposure Check (QEC) fueron aplicados en 107 trabajadores. Los resultados fueron analizados por estadística descriptiva. El test de Mann-Whitney fue utilizado para comparación de los resultados obtenidos entre los sectores de producción. El diagnóstico del nivel de exposición al riesgo ergonómico, obtenido por ambos instrumentos, fue moderado. Los factores de riesgo considerados por el JFQ como más críticos están relacionados a la temperatura ambiental; postura mantenida en largos períodos de tiempo; posturas inadecuadas para la columna y continuar trabajando cuando tiene algún dolor o con alguna lesión. El QEC identificó las regiones de columna lumbar y muñecas/manos como expuestas a alto riesgo. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los sectores...

Capacidade para o trabalho e saúde: o que pensam as trabalhadoras da indústria de vestuário / Working capacity and health: what women workers of the garment industry think / Capacidad para el trabajo y salud: que piensan las trabajadoras de la industria de vestimenta

Este estudo objetivou conhecer como as mulheres que atuam na indústria do vestuário em Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, entendem e relacionam os constructos capacidade para o trabalho e saúde. Utilizou-se metodologia qualitativa com análise dos depoimentos ancorada na teoria das representações sociais. Os resultados apontaram que a capacidade para o trabalho depende de fatores como capacitação, suporte social, exercício da profissão a domicilio, satisfação com o trabalho, saúde e envelhecimento. Além disso, ela sofre muitas influências externas ao trabalhador, que, por sua vez, precisa constantemente se adaptar às mudanças ocorridas. Os resultados evidenciaram a necessidade de reflexão sobre o papel das condições de trabalho e emprego, da rigidez organizacional e da perda de controle sobre o trabalho, na saúde e na capacidade para o trabalho das mulheres atuantes na indústria do vestuário...

This study investigated how women operating the garment industry in Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, understand and relate to the perception of work ability and health. We applied qualitative methodology to analyze their statements on the basis of social representations theory. The results suggested that work ability depends on factors such as training, social support, profession at home, job satisfaction, health and aging. Furthermore, it is affected by many influences external to the worker, who in turn, must constantly adapt to changes. The results highlighted the need for reflection on the role of working conditions and employment, organizational rigidity and loss of control over work, in health and work ability of operators in the garment industry...

Este estudio buscó conocer como las mujeres que actúan en la industria de la vestimenta en Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, entienden y relacionan los constructos capacidad para el trabajo y salud. Se utilizó metodología cualitativa con análisis de las declaraciones apoyado en la teoría de las representaciones sociales. Los resultados señalaron que la capacidad para el trabajo depende de factores como capacitación, soporte social, ejercicio de la profesión a domicilio, satisfacción con el trabajo, salud y envejecimiento. Además de eso, ella sufre muchas influencias externas al trabajador, que, a su vez, precisa constantemente adaptarse a los cambios ocurridos. Los resultados evidenciaron la necesidad de reflexión sobre el papel de las condiciones de trabajo y empleo, de la rigidez organizacional y de la pérdida de control sobre el trabajo, en la salud y en la capacidad para el trabajo de las mujeres actuantes en la industria de la vestimenta...

Impacto de uma metodologia interativa de ergonomia de conscientização / Impact of an interactive methodology for ergonomics awareness / Impacto de una metodología interactiva de ergonomia de concientización

A ergonomia tem demonstrado avanços ao ser pró-ativa com a concepção de ambientes ergonomicamente adequados e com a conscientização do uso correto dos postos de trabalho. Nesse contexto, destaca-se o papel da ergonomia de conscientização, que confere ao indivíduo papel central no processo de educação em saúde. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto de uma metodologia interativa de ergonomia de conscientização no conhecimento de trabalhadores de uma indústria têxtil. A amostra foi selecionada a partir do parecer do comitê de ergonomia da empresa. Participaram do estudo 328 trabalhadores (idade: 33,94±9,15 anos). Foram aplicadas intervenções interativas nos temas: Corpo Humano, Visão, Audição, Coluna vertebral, Membros Superiores e Membros Inferiores. O impacto da metodologia foi mensurado com a aplicação de um questionário criado e validado para o estudo. Para a comparação da pontuação antes e após as intervenções foi utilizado o teste t de Student (pareado), analisado no pacote estatístico SPSS 19.0 para Windows com significância de p<0,05. As questões qualitativas foram categorizadas, e a frequência das informações constatada. Observou-se aumento na pontuação total do questionário (8,07±1,03 para 8,76±0,50; p<0,001), o que demostra que o programa teve impacto na aquisição de conhecimento por parte dos trabalhadores em relação a segurança e saúde.

Ergonomics has demonstrated advancements being proactive in the design of ergonomically suitable environments and promoting awareness of the correct use of the workplace. In such context, ergonomics' role on awareness raising is highlighted, since it provides the individual with a central role in the health education process. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of an interactive program of awareness raising Ergonomics in relation to safety and health knowledge of workers of a textile factory. The sample was selected from a program initiated by the Ergonomics Committee of the company. 328 workers took part in the study (aged 33.94±9.15). Interactive and brief interventions on the following topics were applied: Human Body, Vision, Hearing, Human Movement, Spine, Upper and Lower Limbs. The impact was measured by means of a questionnaire that was created and validated for this study. For the comparison of the score Pre and Post intervention, a paired Student's t-test was used and analyzed in SPSS 19.0 for Windows with a significance of p<0.05. Qualitative questions were categorized and the frequency of information was verified. There was an increase in the total questionnaire score (8.07±1.03 to 8.76±0.50; p<0.001), which demonstrates that the program had a significant impact on workers' knowledge acquisition in relation to health and safety.

La Ergonomía tiene demostrado avances al ser proactiva con la concepción de ambientes ergonómicamente adecuados y con la concientización del uso correcto de los puestos de trabajo. En éste contexto, se destaca el papel de la ergonomía de concientización, que confiere al individuo el papel central en el proceso de educación en salud. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar el impacto de una metodología interactiva de ergonomía de concientización en el conocimiento de trabajadores de una misma industria textil. La muestra fue seleccionada a partir de la opinión del comité de ergonomía de la empresa. Participaron del estudio 328 trabajadores (Edad: 33,94±9,15 años). Fueron aplicadas educaciones interactivas en los temas: Cuerpo Humano, Visión, Audición, Columna Vertebral, Miembros Superiores y Miembros Inferiores. El impacto de la metodología fue medido con la aplicación de un cuestionario creado y validado para el estudio. Para la comparación de la puntuación Pre y Post intervenciones fue utilizado el Test t de Student (pareado), analizado en el paquete estadístico SPSS 19.0 para Windows con significancia de p<0,05. Las preguntas cualitativas fueron categorizadas y la frecuencia de las informaciones constatadas. Se observó aumento en la puntuación total del cuestionario (8,07±1,03 para 8,76±0,50; p<0,001), el que demostró que el programa tiene impacto en la adquisición del conocimiento por parte de los trabajadores en relación con la seguridad y salud.